tlhIngan-Hol Archive: Wed May 28 13:12:59 2003
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Re: how aspect works in Klingon?
- From: Steven Boozer <[email protected]>
- Subject: Re: how aspect works in Klingon?
- Date: Wed, 28 May 2003 13:06:26 -0500
Clayton,
I'm re-posting this to the list with a unique subject line. (If you
subscribe to the Digest form of the list, make sure you use the correct
subject line for the benefit of the rest of us; otherwise, all of your
posts will be about "tlhIngan-Hol Digest ...")
-- Voragh
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Date: Wed, 28 May 2003 19:28:40 +0200
From: "Clayton Cardoso" <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: tlhIngan-Hol Digest 28 May 2003 05:00:00 -0000 Issue 2591
To: [email protected]
I'd like to have a clearer idea of how aspect works in Klingon. I
tried to make this table, and I'd like to receive comments and
corrections.
Perfective
VERB + {-pu'}
Heghpu' vavwI' (My father has died)
Perfective (with a purpose)
VERB + {-ta'}
e.g.: SajlIj vIleghta' (I have looked at your pet)
Imperfective (with a purpose)
VERB + {-lI'}
e.g.: paqvam vIlaDlI' (I'm reading this book)
Inceptive
VERB + {-choH}
e.g.: jIbelchoH (I got pleased)
Inceptive (with a purpose)
VERB + {'e' tagh}
e.g.: jISuv 'e' vItagh (I started fighting)
Resumptive
VERB + {-qa'}
e.g.: jIQongqa' (I'll start sleeping again)
Terminative
VERB + {be'choH}
VERB + {'e' baq}
e.g.: ngoDvam vISaHbe'choH (I ceased worrying about this)
e.g.: ta' vItoy' 'e' vIbaq (I ceased serving the emperor)
Terminative (with a purpose)
VERB + {'e' mev}
e.g.: bIjatlh 'e' DamevnIS (you have to stop speaking)
Completive (always with an endpoint)
VERB + {-ta'}
VERB + {rIntaH}
e.g.: qachvam vIlammoHta' (I finished cleaning this building)
e.g.: yuQvam wIchargh rIntaH (we finished conquering this planet)
Habitual
{roD} + VERB
e.g.: roD vavwI' vISuch (I used to visit my father)
Generic
VERB
e.g.: bogh tlhInganpu', SuvwI' moj, Hegh (Klingons are born, become
warriors, then die)
I have difficulty in expressing both the iterative and the
continuative aspects in Klingon. For example, the following
sentences:
Iterative:
I kept singing the song.
I'll keep trying over and over.
I keep working.
Continuative:
I continued singing the song.
He bothers me and will continue bothering me.
I'm glad you're calm now. Just keep calm.
Clayton Cardoso, novwI'
ET__{-_-}
ICQ 14972249
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