tlhIngan-Hol Archive: Mon Feb 01 14:20:45 2010
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Re: Cataphoric pronouns
- From: Andrà MÃller <[email protected]>
- Subject: Re: Cataphoric pronouns
- Date: Mon, 1 Feb 2010 23:17:45 +0100
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Very cool, thank you very much for the insight! Also in the other thread. I
wish I had all those canon texts I didn't know they were canon. :)
By the way, the counterpart of "cataphoric" is "anaphoric".
Greetings,
- André
2010/2/1 Steven Boozer <[email protected]>
> André Müller:
> > Today it's about cataphoric pronouns. That is when you use a 3rd
> >person pronoun *before* you introduce the referrent as an overt noun
> phrase,
> >e.g. "His own shadow started to scare John." ââ?¬â?? this is pretty seldom in
> >German and English and sometimes sounds pretty weird if not rightout wrong
> >in sentences like "He visited John's father.", where "he" and "John"
> >refer to the same person.
> > [...]
> >Now, when I construct Klingon sentences in writing, I sometimes start at
> >the end of the sentence, add the subject, then the verb before it, then
> the
> >direct object at the beginning and all the other stuff, usually because I
> >can process SVO easier and because I often translate something from
> English
> >or German. Then I sometimes come across sentences like this one:
> >
> > {vavDaj Such wo'rIv.}
> > Worf visits his father.
> >
> >The subject is an overt noun phrase, while the direct object bears a
> >pronominal possessive suffix. Thus, the pronominal suffix is used as a
> >cataphora. My question now: is this usual in Klingon, do we have many of
> >such phrases and do I not need to worry about sentence-internal
> >information structure, or am I translating too literally here?
> >Should it maybe be:
> Considering its rigid Object-Verb-Subject syntax, using pronouns this way
> is quite normal in Klingon. Here are the examples just for {-Daj} "his,
> her":
>
> pa'DajDaq ghaHtaH la''e'
> The commander is in his quarters.
> (As for the commander, he is in his quarters.) TKD
>
> vaj toDDujDaj ngeHbej DIvI'
> That means the Federation will be sending a rescue ship of its own. ST5
>
> DujDaj HubtaHvIS Hegh 'e' tul Hoch tlhIngan
> To die defending his ship is the hope of every Klingon. TKW
>
> Qu'Daj ta'taHvIS Hegh 'e' tul Hoch tlhIngan
> To die in the line of duty is the hope of every Klingon. TKW
>
> may'meyDajvo' Haw'be' tlhIngan
> A Klingon does not run away from his battles. TKW
>
> qabDaj 'ang
> He/she shows his/her face. KGT
>
> Hoch jaghpu'Daj HoHbogh SuvwI' yIvup
> "Pity the warrior who slays all his foes." KGT
>
> HIchDaj yIQotlh!
> Disable his/her handgun! KGT
>
> qatlh betleHDaj tlhapbe'
> Why doesn't he take his bat'leth? KGT
>
> qorDu'Daj tuq 'oS Ha'quj'e' tuQbogh wo'rIv
> The sash that Worf wears is a symbol of his family's house. S20
>
> nujDajDaq mar'egh ghu
> the baby sucks its big toe (HQ 10.2)
>
>
> Possessive pronouns can also be used non-cataphorically (?) however:
>
> reH tay' ghot tuqDaj je
> One is always of his tribe.
> ("A person and his house are always together.") TKW
>
> may'Daq jaHDI' SuvwI' juppu'Daj lonbe'
> When a warrior goes to a battle, he does not abandon his friends. TKW
>
> quv Hutlh HoHbogh tlhIngan 'ach qabDaj 'angbe'bogh
> A Klingon who kills without showing his face has no honor. TKW
>
> vangDI' tlhIngan SuvwI' ngoy' qorDu'Daj; vangDI' qorDu'Daj ngoy'
> tlhIngan SuvwI'
> The family of a Klingon warrior is responsible for his actions,
> and he is responsible for theirs. TKW
>
> SIQwI' lu'oy'moHmeH juppu'Daj 'oy'naQmey lo' chaH.
> The Painstik is employed by friends of the recipient who use
> the devices to inflict pain [...] S32
>
> quv lughaj Archer HoD beqDaj je.
> Captain Archer and his crew are honorable people. (ENT "The Augments")
>
>
> >By the way, is there a way to disambiguate 3rd person pronominal
> possessive
> >suffixes in the way of "his (i.e. someone else's)" vs. "his own" in
> Klingon?
>
> You know, I've wondered about this myself. AFAIK Okrand has never
> discussed the matter.
>
> I only found two examples where Okrand translated sentences containing
> "own":
>
> vaj toDDujDaj ngeHbej DIvI'.
> That means the Federation will be sending a rescue ship of its own. ST5
>
> Emphasis is added with the Type-6 verb suffix {-bej} "certainly,
> undoubtedly, definitely"
>
> tlhIngan ngoQmey chavmeH HoH tlhInganpu'.
> Klingons kill for their own purposes. TKW
> (lit. "Klingons kill [in order] to achieve Klingon purposes.")
>
> Notice that instead of using a pronoun, he repeated the noun {tlhIngan}.
>
> Here's another example of repeating the noun for emphasis, this time when
> translating "mine" (a contraction of "my own"?):
>
> lenglIj lutebjaj lengwIjvaD bel rap, Sov rap, ngoQ rap je
> Danobpu'bogh
> May your journey be filled with the same joy, wisdom, and
> purpose you have given mine. (Frasier)
>
>
>
> --
> Voragh
> Canon Master of the Klingons
>
>
>
>