tlhIngan-Hol Archive: Fri Dec 03 04:30:39 1999
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Re: nuqneH
jatlh SuStel
reH qalughmoHbe', 'a potlhchugh Qagh, qaja'.
>
>
> > jabbI'IDlIjDaq "DachenmoHDI" Dalo'pu'. 'a ghorgh "chenmoHDI" net lo' 'ej
> > ghorgh "chenmoHpu'" net lo'?
>
>
> You've said "But one uses when <chenmoHDI'>? and one uses when
> <chenmoHpu'>?"
>
> You don't need the {net} here . . . you're not trying to do Sentence As
> Object. A simple Type 5 verb suffix will do:
>
> 'a ghorgh <chenmoHDI'> lo'lu' 'ej ghorgh <chenmoHpu'> lo'lu'?
> But when does one use <chenmoHDI'> and when does one use <chenmoHpu'>?
>
> chenmoHDI'
> when he causes it to take form,
> when he makes it
>
> (or other appropriate pronouns, she, him, etc.)
>
> chenmoHpu'
> he has caused it to take form,
> he has made it
>
>
> {-DI'} is for a subordinate clause. That means it's only part of the
> bigger, main sentence. {-pu'} is an aspect suffix, and can be on either a
> subordinate clause or a main clause.
>
>
> tIjwI'ghom chenmoHDI' HoD, vIra'.
> When the captain forms the boarding party, I will command it.
>
> tIjwI'ghom chenmoHpu' HoD.
> The captain has formed a boarding party.
>
>
> > wa'leS jupwIj vISuch. puqpu' maHtaHvISpu' maghompu', 'ej DaH nIteb
> > jIyIntaHvIS, reH SoSDajDaq yIntaH ghaH.
>
>
> SoSDaj juH Dab. jIyaj.
>
> One of the things English speakers learning Klingon often do is use the
> aspect suffixes {-pu'} or {-ta'} wherever they see past tense in English.
> Remember, aspect tells whether an action was completed or continuous, not
> whether it happened in the past, present, or future. Thus, you might say
>
> puqpu' maHtaHvIS maqIH.
> We met while we were children. (Notice the use of {qIH} "meet for the first
> time" instead of {ghom} "encounter.")
>
> However, this isn't the best way to say this in Klingon. Try the verb
> {Qup}, like so:
>
> maQuptaHvIS maqIH.
> We met while we were young.
> (A smoother translation: "We met when we were young.")
>
> See how I didn't use {maqIHpu'}, which means "We had met/we have met/we will
> have met"? I established the time context with {maQuptaHvIS}; this tells
> you when the main sentence occurs. Klingon doesn't use grammar to indicate
> this tense.
>
> If I had said {maQuptaHvIS maqIHpu'}, it would have meant "When we were
> young, we had met." It would mean that at the time that we were young, we
> had completed meeting for the first time. While perhaps technically true,
> that's not what you mean to express. You're talking about an event that
> occurs, not an event that was completed, or an event that is ongoing. So no
> Type 7 verb suffix is used.
>
> bIyaj'a'?
HIja', qatlho'!
>
>
> > vaj, "dog"vaD tlhIngan mu' vISovbe'. tera'ngan Ha'DIbaH 'oH "dog"
> > ("english" mu' vIlo'pu'.)
>
>
> bIqar: tera' Ha'DIbaH 'oH <dog>'e'. vaj tlhIngan mu' tu'lu'be'. DIvI' Hol
> mu' yIlo'.
choyajHa'pu' chabbI'IDlIjDaq "dog"wIj pong DaSov DaneH. vaj, Zeff 'oH
"dog"wIj pong'e'.
Regina
>
> SuStel
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