tlhIngan-Hol Archive: Tue Jul 19 08:30:12 1994
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Klinpack. *warning* big message
For all you wonderful people who are interested in seeing my meager
Klinpack, here it is. I've already mailed it to some of you, but others
may be interested. I know there are mistakes in there, so please send me
any pertinent corrections. As soon as I get this monster quick and fit,
I'll create an answer sheet to go with it.
& & & & & & & & & & & & & &
KLINPACK!
Edited by Heidi Wessman
Adapted from The Klingon Dictionary by Marc Okrand
Star Trek(tm), Paramount Studios, CA, USA
Welcome to Klinpack!
This is a primer in basic Klingon grammar. It is still in the
experimental stage, so the occasional mistake will occur. If you
have suggestions that could make this Klinpack better, I'd love to
hear them. Remember, this is only a primer, and is not meant to teach
the whole of the Klingon Langage. It is only an introduction.If you
have any questions about anything, feel free to email responses to
[email protected]. This Klinpack primer is derived from
The Klingon Dictionary by Marc Okrand. Star Trek and all other
registered marks are trademarks of Paramount Studios. No infringe-
ments or plagiarisms intended. Post as often as you like, just don't
remove the copyright listings. Thank you.
THANKS TO: all who helped in sorting out my errors, especially to my
"Vampire Class" who picked up most of my first mistakes. "Let's share
some spit!"
Okrand, Marc, _THE_KLINGON_DICTIONARY_, Pocket Books, New York
copyright 1985, Addendum copyright 1990
***********
WORKSHEET 1
vumnav wa'
BASICS: sounds, beginning vocabulary.
The sounds of Klingon are as follows. Remember, Klingon is a
harsh language and must be spoken boldly. Expectoration, or
spitting, will sometimes occur. Ignore it.
a - as in the English psalm.
aw - as in English cow.
ay - as in English cry.
b - same as English, only with a slight m sound to it, as in the
word imbalance without the initial i sound.
ch - as in English chew
D - harsher, as in the insult Duh! Sometimes pronounced with a
slight n sound, similar to the word sound.
e - as in English sensor.
ew - similar to the word Hey-o!
ey - as in English pay.
gh - this is not like anything in English. The closest approximation
is the word gobble, but is harsher, and pronounced in the back
of the throat. Choke a bit for this one.
H - Another not like English. This is more like the german ch, as
in the word Bach, or in the Yiddish word l'chaim. It is a harsh
sound.
I - As in English misfit. Sometimes pronounced as zucchini, but
rarely.
Iw - As in French bleu.
Iy - As in English key.
j - hard j. As in the English junk.
l - like in English lunch.
m - like in English mud, but sometimes pronounced with
a slight b sound.
n - like in English nerd, sometimes pronounce with a slight d sound.
ng - like the English dang it!
o - as in English mosaic
oy - as in English toy.
p - like in English, only with more force, like the word pop!
This one is a spitter.
q - like the English k in kumquat, but pronounced more
in the back of the throat. Never pronounced like the
English qu.
Q - no English equivalent. It is an overdone Klingon q, being
more harsh and gutteral.
r - like the British r, or the Spanish rr. It is slighly rolled,
or gargled, depending on physiology.
S - halfway between the English s and sh. It is
hissed as if a snake said shh! Be quiet.
t - as in English tarp. This is also another spitter.
tlh as in the Aztec tetl, this sound is the first sound
in the word Klingon. It is a bit softer than the Kl sound,
being pronounced in the front of the mouth rather than the
back.
u - as in English prune.
uy - as in English gooey.
v - as in English vulcan.
w - like the English worry, sometimes like the English what?
y - as in English yodel.
' - [apostrophe] a glottal stop, found (but not written) in English
words such as uh-uh, and upsy daisy. Practice it.
Helpful Words
These are some basic words you should know.
nuq (newk) what?
ghorgh (whorgh) when?
nuqDaq (newk dock) where?
`Iv (`ihv) who?
qatlh (kahtlh) why?
chay (chee, chie) how?
`ar (`are) how many/how much?
HISaH (hee shah) Yes
HIja' (hee jaw') Yes
ghobe' (hoh be') No
lu' (loo') Okay
jIyaj (jee yaj) I understand. [no object]
jIyajbe' (jee yaj beh) I don't understand.
vIyaj (vee yaj) I understand it/that.
vIyajbe' (vee yaj beh) I don't understand it/that.
maj (mahdge) good
qab (cohb) bad
majQa' (mahdge kha') very good, well done
Dajatlh (Dah jahtlh) You say it.
bojatlh (bow jahtlh) You all say it.
Dajang (Dah jahng) Repeat it.
bojang (bow jahng) You all repeat it.
***********
WORKSHEET 2
vumnav cha'
New Words: verbs and verb prefixes
Sov to know ghoS to go
Del to describe tlhob to ask
pol to keep SaH to care
VERB PREFIXES
PREFIX-VERB-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9
\ROVER/
This is the verbal structure. All suffixes are ALWAYS
put in the order they come in.
OBJECT
none me you him/ us you them
her/it (plural)
SUBJECT
I jI- - qa- vI- - Sa- vI-
you bI- cho- - Da- ju- - Da-
he/ * mu- Du- * nu- lI- *
she/it
we ma- - pI- wI- - re- DI-
you Su- tu- - bo- che- - bo-
plural
they * mu- nI- lu- nu- lI- *
* No prefix is used. Context of the sentence indicates
Subject/Object.
example: I drink. jItlhutlh . We go there. wIghoS .
1. I know.
2. (you) Describe it.
3. You all ask them.
4. They keep it.
5. He describes them.
6. You know me.
7. You all know us.
8. We keep them.
9. She cares.
10. They go there.
11. They describe us.
12. I care for it.
13. (you) Go.
14. We ask you.
15. It goes with you.
16. It goes with you all.
17. We describe you all.
18. They care for me.
19. You all keep it.
20. You all know.
***********
WORKSHEET 3
vumnav wej
New Words: verbs and verb suffixes
jatlh to speak/talk ja' to tell
Sop to eat SopwI' to be eaten
QaH to help nej to search
Do' to be lucky Qoy to hear
Suffix 1: Oneself/one another
-egh oneself -chuq one another
ex: I talk to myself jIjatlhegh (bI - jatlh - egh)
We talk to ourselves majatlhchuq (ma - jatlh - chuq)
Suffix 2: Volition/predisposition
-nIS need -qang willing
-rup ready, prepared (refers to beings)
-beH ready, set up (refers to things)
-vIp afraid
ex: You need to drink. chotlhutlhnIS (cho - tlhutlh - nIS)
I'm willing to help you. qaQaHqang (qa - QaH - qang)
We are ready to go. maghoSrup (ma - ghoS - rup)
The chocolate is ready yuch SopwI'beH (SopwI' - beH)
to be eaten.
I'm afraid of being eaten. jISopwI'vIp (jI - SopwI' - vIp)
Suffix 3: Change
-choH change in state, change in direction
-qa' resume
ex: You all are getting lucky. SuDo'choH (Su - Do' - choH)
They are resuming the lunejqa' (lu - nej - qa')
search for him.
Suffix 4:
-moH cause to happen
You let them hear. DaQoymoH (Da - Qoy - moH)
(You cause them to hear)
Suffix 5: Indefinite subject/ability
-lu' indefinite subject
-laH can, able
ex: Something/someone tells me. muja'lu' (mu - ja' - lu')
We can talk to you all. rejatlhlaH (re - jatlh -laH)
EXERCISES:
Conjugate the verb with the proper prefix and suffix.
1. I need to know.
2. We help ourselves.
3. They can ask them.
4. You are ready to go.
5. It is ready to go.
6. You resume talking to them.
7. I'm afraid to keep it.
8. You all cause us to ask.
9. Something/someone is being eaten.
10. She keeps it willingly.
11. I'm afraid to describe them.
12. They need to ask you.
13. You're willing to go with us.
14. You caused me to care.
15. I can eat it.
16. You can keep eating it.
17. Something/someone speaks.
18. I am ready to talk.
19. We search for ourselves.
20. They are willing to be lucky.
***********
WORKSHEET 4
vumnav loS
New Words: verbs and verb suffixes, cont.
chIm to be empty legh to see
yaj to understand choq to preserve
Suffix 6: Qualification
-chu' clearly, perfectly
-bej certainly, undoubtedly
-law' seemingly, apparently
-ba' obviously
ex: I understand perfectly jIyajchu' (jI - yaj - chu')
You certainly can hear it. DaQoylaHbej (Da - Qoy - laH - bej)
It seems to be eaten. SopwI'law' (SopwI' - law')
Suffix 7: Aspect
-pu' perfective
-ta' acomplished, done
-taH continuous
-lI' in progress
ex: We ate it. maSoppu' (ma - Sop - pu')
They have searched us. nunejta' (nu - nej - ta')
You are always lucky. bIDo'taH (bI - Do' - taH)
You all are helping. SuQaHlI' (Su - QaH - lI')
Suffix 8: Honorific (optional)
-neS honorific
ex: I am honored to see you. qaleghneS (qa - legh - neS)
Suffix 9: Syntactic markers
-DI' as soon as, when
-chugh if
-pa' before
-taH continuous
-bogh which
-meH for
-`a' interrogative
-wI' one who does, thing which does
-vIS while (always used with Suffix 7)
-mo' because
-jaj may, might
-ghach nominalizer
Suffix 9: cont.
ex: We are going as soon as we eat. maghoSlI' maSopDI'
We eat if we go. maSop maghoSchugh
We eat before we go. maSop maghoSpa'
We are eating while we go maSoptaH maghoSvIS
We go for chocolate. yuch maghoSmeH
Are we going? maghoS`a'?
He is the lucky one. Do'wI'
We might go. maghoSjaj
We are going because we maghoSlI' maSopnISmo'
need to eat.
lo' use
lo'laHghach value
Suffix Rovers: negative and emphatic
-be' not
-Qo' don't or won't
-Ha' undo
-qu' emphatic
ex: I don't understand (I understand not.) jIyajbe'
We won't speak. majatlhQo'
They hurl chunks. (They barf, SopHa'
They undo their eating. They chuck
their cookies.)
They really hurl! SopHa'qu'
EXERCISES:
Conjugate the verb with the proper prefix and suffix(es).
1. I see perfectly.
2. I'm honored to talk to you.
3. We have eaten it.
4. They have spoken to one another.
5. We need to preserve it.
6. We are always going.
7. It is not empty.
8. We have made you understand.
9. Something/someone ate it already.
10. We may search for it.
11. We don't need to talk.
12. Are you ready to understand?
13. We are looking for the speaker.
14. You all are always helping.
15. Understand before you speak.
16. They are ready to go as soon as you are ready to go.
17. They have eaten it while we have spoken.
18. We have resumed searching.
19. I searched for them.
20. It can't be helped.
21. It has obviously been eaten.
22. They left while we described them.
23. Don't go before we speak to you!
***********
WORKSHEET 5
vumnav vagh
New Words: nouns and noun suffixes
yuch chocolate
puq child
roj peace
Duj ship, vessel
tlhIngan Klingon
Tera'ngan Terran (Human)
ghop hand
mab treaty
pa' room
pegh secret
be' female, woman
mIn eye
loD male, man
yaS officer
Sung native
nov foreigner
NOUN-1-2-3-4-5
Suffix 1: Augmentative/diminutive
-Hom diminutive
-`a' augmentative
ex: lots of chocolate yuch`a'
big child puq`a'
truce, temporary peace rojHom
little ship DujHom
Suffix 2: Number/plural
-pu' plural for sentients, beings capable of language
-Du' plural for body parts
-mey' plural, general usage (not for use with body parts)
When used with sentients, it gives a meaning of
`scattered.'
ex: tlhInganpu' Klingons
yuchmey chocolate pieces
ghopDu' hands
tera'nganpumey Terrans all over
Suffix 3: Qualification
-qoq so-called, indicates irony sometimes
-Hey apparent, unsure
-na' definite
ex: so-called treaty mabqoq
possibly a ship DujHey
chocolate for sure yuchna'
Suffix 4: Possession/specification
-wIj my -maj our
-lIj your -raj your (plural)
-Daj his, hers, its -chaj their
Sometimes the possessed noun is a sentient. A special set of
suffixes is used for first- and second-person language. Using
the former set with a sentient could be considered derrogatory.
-wI' my -ma' our
-lI' your -ra' your (plural)
ex: my chocolate yuchwIj our chocolate yuchmaj
your chocolate yuchlIj "y'all's" chocolate yuchraj
his chocolate yuchDaj their chocolate yuchchaj
my child puqwI' our child puqma'
your child puqlI' your child puqra'
Suffix 5: Syntactic Markers
-Daq locative
-vo' from
-mo' due to, because of
-vaD for, intended for
-`e' topic
ex: in the room pa'Daq from the room pa'vo'
because of your treaty mablIjmo'
for the child puqvaD about the child puq`e'
NUMBERS
O. pagh 6. jav 20. cha'maH
1. wa' 7. Soch 100. wa'vatlh
2. cha' 8. chorgh 1000. wa'Sad or wa'SanID
3. wej 9. Hut 10,000. wa'netlh
4. loS 10. wa'maH 100,000. wa'bIp
5. vagh 11. wa'maHwa' 1,000,000. wa''uy'
-logh notion of repetition
wa'logh once
cha'logh twice
Hutlogh nine times
-DIch Ordinal
wa'DIch first
cha'DIch second
HutDIch ninth
EXERCISES: nouns, prefixes, and suffixes
1. your chocolate
2. little child
3. children
4. hands
5. so-called secret
6. men
7. your officer
8. your chocolate
9. from the ship
10. from my ship
11. in the ship
12. in his ship
13. foreigners
14. five foreigners
15. their five foreigners
16. their treaties
17. our treaties
18. due to your big hand
19. Klingons all over the place
20. little girl
21. big secrets
22. my big secrets
23. your big secret
24. on the ship
25. for the child
26. chocolate for the child
27. thirty children
28. due to your so-called peace...
29. from the Terrans
30. about those Terrans...
31. fifth room
32. for peace
33. three times my lady
34. because of the officer, we talk about it.
35. We care for the children.
36. We see it from the ship.
37. They can eat a lot of chocolate.
38. We need to talk to your officers.
***********
WORKSHEET 5
vumnav vagh
New words: SYNTAX
targh targ, type of animal legh to see
So'wI' cloaking device yaj to understand
vulqan Vulcan (Mr. Spock) mugh to translate
EVERYTHING ELSE - OBJECT - VERB - SUBJECT
(This is the reverse of the English subject-verb-object.)
Simple Sentences:
For example:
vulqan legh targh The targ sees the Vulcan.
targh legh vulqan The Vulcan sees the Targ.
muyaj vulqan The Vulcan understands me.
vulqan vIyaj jIH I understand the Vulcan.
vulqan vIyaj (It is not necessary, when using first and
second person to put the personal pronoun
in the subject spot.)
puqvaD tlhIngan vImugh I translate Klingon for the child.
In Klingon, the first letter of the sentence is not capitalized. And
puncutation is not used. Suffixes indicate a statement, a question,
or an exclamation.
Complex Sentences, Compound Sentences, Conjunctions:
Joining Nouns Joining Sentences
je `ej and
joq qoj and/or
ghap pagh either/or
`ach, `a but, however
Two sentences maybe joined together to form a longer compound
sentence. Both sentences must be able to stand alone as a properly
formed sentence. When combined, they simply come one after another,
joined by a conjunction.
vIlegh `ej vIyaj I see her, and I understand her.
jIlegh `ach leghbe' I see, but she doesn't (see).
The prefix must be used in both parts, or the meaning changes. Both
sentences must reflect the same idea in the fullest form.
So'wI' vIyaj `ach So'wI vIleghbe' I understand the cloaking
device, but I don't see it
(the cloaking device).
EXERCISES:
1. I hear it and I see it.
2. You know me but you don't see me.
3. I will tell you if I hear it.
4. I am ready to go, and you are ready to go.
5. I am ready to go if you are ready to go, and/or he will go with us.
6. You all need to hear the officer, or you won't be lucky.
7. They are ready to search again for the child but I am not ready
to search for the child.
8. I have seen you, however, you have not seen me.
9. Native and foreigners listen to officers.
10. Men and/or women care for the children.
11. The officer didn't keep the secret, or he didn't know it.
12. I eat chocolate, or I don't eat.
13. We see three children.
14. How many hands do we see?
15. We see five hands, but they see six hands.
16. The so-called officer is definitely a child.
17. They hear the Klingon and he talks of peace.
18. We are lucky and we hear him perfectly.
***********
WORKSHEET 6
vumnav jav
New words: Adverbials
These words usually comes at the beginning of a sentence and describe
the manner of the activity.
batlh with honor, in an honored fashion
bong by accident, accidentally, not intentionally
chaq perhaps
DaH on purpose, purposely
Do' now
loQ with luck, luckily
nom slighly, a little bit
not fast, quickly
neH only, merely, just (this one comes after
the verb it modifies)
pay' never
pIj suddenly
QIt slowly
reH always
rut sometimes
tugh soon
vaj thus, in that case, so, accordingly, then
wej not yet
example:
reH yuch vISop I always eat chocolate.
pay' yuch DaSop You never eat chocolate.
rut yuch luSop They sometimes eat chocolate.
not puqpu'mo' yuch wISopta' Because of the children, we
quickly ate the chocolate.
DaH yuch boSoptaH You are eating the chocolate on
purpose.
tugh yuch Sop vulqan The vulcan eats chocolate soon.
neH: Unlike the other adverbials, neH follows the verb it modifies.
The effect trivializes the action.
example:
yuch vISop neH I merely ate chocolate.
Sometimes it can be used to modify a noun, unlike the other adverbials.
example:
be' neH yuch Sop Only the woman eats chocolate.
Some adverbials occur alone as exclamations.
example:
nom Move fast!
wej Not yet!
tugh Hurry up!
***********
WORKSHEET 7
vumnav Soch
Clauses: Subordinate, Relative, and Purpose
New words:
cha torpedoes baH to fire
qama' prisoner HoH to kill
Klingon verbs ending in Verb Suffix 9 (other than -`a' and -wI')
always occur in sentences with another verb. Hence, they are verbs
in subordinate clauses.
cha DabaH qajatlhDI'
or qajatlhDI' cha DabaH Fire torpedoes when I say.
The two parts are cha DabaH and jatlhDI'. -DI' is a Suffix 9 which
means when or as soon as. Therefore, qajatlhDI' must be part of a
sentence and cannot stand by itself.
Another example:
bIjatlhHa'chugh qaHoH If you misspeak, I will kill you.
or qaHoh bIjatlhHa'chugh I will kill you if you misspeak.
Note that the English translation uses the word will. There is no
marker for the future in Klingon. The above translation could also
be "If you misspeak, I kill you." However, there is a marker for
the past, also in the verb Suffix 9.
jatlhvIS DIHohpu' While they spoke, we killed them.
Relative clauses are translated into English as phrases that begin
with who, which, where, and that. Like adjectives, they describe
nouns.
yuch Sopbogh puq vIlegh I see the child who eats the chocolate.
mulegh yuch Sopbogh puq The child who eats the chocolate sees me.
If an action is being done in order to accomplish something, the verb
ends with Suffix 9 -meH (for). The purpose clause always precedes
the noun or verb whose purpose it is describing.
*************
END KLINPACK