tlhIngan-Hol Archive: Wed Feb 04 11:28:00 2004

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Re: participle equivalents in tlhIngan Hol

Steven Boozer ([email protected]) [KLI Member] 

lay'tel SIvten wrote:
>the difference between an active participle (a verb ending in -ing) and a
>passive participle (a verb ending in -ed [or the irregular equivalent 
>thereof])
>is just the position of the -bogh phrase relative to the noun it modifies:
>
>   qetbogh loD
>   running man

"the man who was/is/will be running"

>   Hol chenmoHbogh
>   created language

"the language which he created"

But this could also be in the present or future as well:

  "the language which he creates/will create

See these examples from TKD:

   qIppu'bogh yaS
   the officer who hit him

   yaS qIppu'bogh
   the officer whom he hit

   qIppu'bogh yaS vIlegh.
   I see the officer who hit him.

   mulegh qIppu'bogh yaS
   The officer who hit him sees me.

   yaS qIppu'bogh vIlegh
   I see the officer whom he hit.

   mulegh yaS qIppu'bogh
   The officer whom he hit sees me.

But for a stronger passive, see these examples with {-lu'} and {-bogh}:

   boqrat chej Qevlu'pu'bogh
   stewed bokrat liver ("bokrat liver that has been stewed") KGT

   pIpyuS pach HaHlu'pu'bogh
   marinated pipius claw ("pipius claw that has been marinated")  KGT

   to'baj 'uS lughoDlu'bogh
   stuffed tobbaj legs PK

   Soj vutlu'pu'bogh
   food that someone has prepared  KGT

   jagh lucharghlu'ta'bogh HuH
   the bile of the vanquished [enemy] PK

   qutluch lo'lu'bogh
   the used kut'luch  TKW

And four more complicated examples in context:

   Sovbe'lu'bogh lenglu'meH He ghoSlu'bogh retlhDaq 'oHtaH
   It waits... on the edge of the galaxy, beside a passage to
   unknown regions of the universe. DS99

   nISwI' HIch motlh HoS Hal qengwI' naQ tIq je lurarlu'bogh
   'oH tlhIngan nISwI' beH'e'
   The Klingon disruptor rifle is a standard hand held disruptor,
   attached to an extended power supply stock. S14

   wa'DIch tlhIngan Dujmey luleghlu'pu'bogh rur qItI'nga' Duj.  tera'
   vatlh DIS poH cha'maH wej HochHom lo'lu'taH.
   Similar in configuration to the first Klingon vessels encountered,
   the K'Tinga-class remained in use for most of the 23rd century. S15

   muDDaq 'eDSeHcha lulaQlu'bogh: jav
   Atmospheric Take-Off/Landing Thrusters - 6  (KBOP)



-- 
Voragh
Ca'Non Master of the Klingons

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