In a message dated 1/10/1999 10:58:17 AM US Mountain Standard Time, aranders@netusa1.net writes: << {vavwI'vaD HablI' vItI'pu'} doesn't translate easily into an English sentence having an indirect object. >> OTOH, by all I have learned about English grammar, your sentence IS a perfect example of an IO. "...for my father" is the IO. peHruS