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[Tlhingan-hol] Translating the past

Robyn Stewart ([email protected]) [KLI Member] [Hol po'wI']



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<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">On</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">e of the principles I</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">m working with on the KLPC course is to teach</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">what is</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> known, so that all competent Kl</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">i</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">ngonists</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> will be able to agree with what is taught.</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">In skirting the perfective controversy tha</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t raged last year, I started to write a little piece on</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">how</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> the aspectless verbs</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">could be used</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">, trying to</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> use TKD and canon to</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> support</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">an aspectless</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&lt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">muQID be</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">nI</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">wI</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&gt; from a boy explaining a leg wound</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">As I looked through canon</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">, what I was writing got out of hand</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> for the course</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">and isn</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t polished,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">but I wanted to share it.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">I said:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">Klingon does not have a marker for past tense any more than it has a future one. It has some Type-7 suffixes (not in this syllabus), to indicate completed and ongoing actions. These are relevant today because Okrand instructs us that &quot;verbs with no type-7</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"></FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">suffix are translated by the English simple present tense.&quot; He goes on to allow such verbs to be translated in the future tense where context is appropriate, but does not explicitly say that they may also be translated in the past tense. Many Klingonists</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">b</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">elieve that a verb with no type-7 can be translated as past present or future, depending on context.<BR>
<BR>
Okrand himself usually uses perfective on actions in the past, and translates them with English present perfect (e.g. vImoqpu'</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8211;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> I have beaten it).</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">His use is</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> consistent enough</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><BR>
<BR>
</SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">Ther</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">e are a few canon examples of Marc translating English past tense with no type-7 suffix (or vice versa--but I believe he usually starts with the English).</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">Hoch nuH Daqel'a' = did you consider every weapon? KGT p. 107<BR>
naH jajmeywIj betleH vIyanbe' = In my v</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">eg. days I did not wield a bat'leth. KGT p. 107</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">Here</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">s</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">an interesting one where I would have expected</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8211;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">pu</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> but</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">English</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">present perfect is translated</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> with no as</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">p</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">ect</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">narghbe'chugh SuvwI' qa' taH may'. = If a warrior's spirit has not escaped, the battle is still going on. TKW p.147</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> </SPAN></P>

<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">Here</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">s</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">one with</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">English</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">past tense translated</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">as Klingon perfective.<BR>
</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><B><FONT FACE="Calibri">tera&#8217; vatlh DISpoH cha&#8217;maH loS bong QongmeH qItI&#8217;nga&#8217; Duj tI&#8217;ang ghompu&#8217; DIvI&#8217; &#8217;ejDo&#8217; &#8217;entepray&#8217;.<BR>
</FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT FACE="Calibri">A sleeper ship of this class, the T&#8217;Ong, was encountered in the 24th century by the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><I> <FONT FACE="Calibri">U.S.S. Enterprise</FONT></I></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT FACE="Calibri">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><SUP><FONT FACE="Calibri">TM</FONT></SUP></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">The relevant part of that sentence is ghompu'</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><SUP><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"></FONT></SUP></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">= encountered, but I didn't want to be accused of obfuscating by excerpting.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">I would say,</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8220;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">I don</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t want to resurrect an</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">old argument,</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8221;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> but quite frankly I want to resurrect any</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">hing</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> that could result in us speaking better Klin</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">gon. I</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">ve been a huge advocate for a sentence</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">with no aspect translatable as simple pr</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">esent, past</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">or future, but</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">can</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">on isn</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t supporting it. Marc has very consistently not used it that way.<BR>
<BR>
It isn</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t bizarre that so many people would misuse it for so l</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">ong. Look at Lieven, who speaks English</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">better than any of us speak Kl</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">i</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">ngon,</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">yet</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8212;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">along</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">with</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> the typical Ge</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">rman learner of English</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8212;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">hasn</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t got that</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">past</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">tense thing quite right, o</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">ften using present perfect wh</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">ere a native speaker would use the simple past.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">It</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">s easy to bring patterns from one language into another or overgeneralize.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">And I</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">m about to go on shift, so I</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">ll walk out of thi</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">s newsgroup and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">come back in a few days to see if others have found canon and justification I can</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"></FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">The loudest advocate for greater use of aspect suffixes on past actions, not just past perfect, has alienated people, but the i</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">dea can be valid even if you don</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t like how it</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">s of</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">en delivered.</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"></FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">As a BG who taught that jIlegh means</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8220;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">I see</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">/I saw/I will see</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8221;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> I have some responsibility to undo this if it</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">s a mistake. I know I didn</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8217;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">t make it up,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">and</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">I expect</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">the BG who taught me</FONT> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">to</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> be fast</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">i</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">nto</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">the fray,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">but is there really enough justification in</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"> <FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8220;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">no past tense</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">&#8221;</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana"> to use the aspectless verb in a way Mar</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">c almost never does?</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=LTR><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FACE="Verdana">- Qov</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG="en-ca"><BR>
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