tlhIngan-Hol Archive: Fri Jun 12 08:17:12 1998
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Re: Relative clauses
- From: Steven Boozer <[email protected]>
- Subject: Re: Relative clauses
- Date: Fri, 12 Jun 1998 10:16:03 -0500 (CDT)
: We don't have any evidence that Klingon uses its question words the same
: way. Indeed, we don't have any evidence that Klingon uses any relative
: pronouns at all. Instead, there is the verb suffix {-bogh} to create a
: relative clause which describes or specifies a noun using a verb phrase.
: {Hew vIlegh} "I see the statue." If I want to specify a particular one,
: {Hew DachenmoHbogh vIlegh} "I see the statue which you made." The noun
: being described is called the "head noun" of the relative clause.
:
: With one odd exception which I'll ignore for the moment, all the examples
: we have of {-bogh} use the head noun as the subject or the object of the
: relative clause. They can all be translated using the English relative
: pronouns "that", "which", or "who".
: [snip]
: Oh, the "odd exception" about {-bogh} that I mentioned before is from the
: Useful Klingon Expressions appendix of TKD: {jIHtaHbogh naDev vISovbe'}
: is translated "I'm lost." It defies analysis using the established rules
: of grammar.
In case anyone's interested, here are the other attestations of {-bogh}
which I know of in recognized canon:
qIppu'bogh yaS
the officer who hit him. TKD
yaS qIppu'bogh
the officer whom he hit. TKD
qIppu'bogh yaS vIlegh
I see the officer who hit him. TKD
mulegh qIppu'bogh yaS
The officer who hit him sees me. TKD
yaS qIppu'bogh vIlegh
I see the officer whom he hit. TKD
mulegh yaS qIppu'bogh
The officer whom he hit sees me. TKD
Hov ghajbe'bogh ram rur pegh ghajbe'bogh jaj
A day without secrets is like a night without stars. PK
to'baj 'uS lughoDlu'bogh tIlaj
Accept these stuffed tobbaj legs! PK
matay'DI' vIHtaHbogh bIQ rur mu'qaDmey
Between us, curses run like water. PK
jagh lucharghlu'ta'bogh HuH ghopDu'lIj lungaSjaj!
May the bile of the vanquished fill your hands! PK
Qapqu' wovmoHbogh janHommey
It even has working lights! (Hallmark)
["That is, little devices that cause (something) to be light or bright or
little devices that brighten (something) or little devices that light
(something) up or the like." (MO on EF 6/97)]
meQtaHbogh qachDaq Suv qoH neH
Only a fool fights in a burning house. TKW
reH boch qutluch lo'lu'bogh
The used kut'luch is always shiny. TKW
butlh ghajbogh nuv'e' yIHo'
Admire the person with dirt under his fingernails. TKW
vay' DaneHbogh yIchargh
Conquer what you desire. TKW
loghDaq Suvrupbogh SuvwI'pu' chaH Hoch SuvwI'pu''e'
In space, all warriors are cold warriors ("warriors who are ready to
fight"). TKW
quv Hutlh HoHbogh tlhIngan 'ach qabDaj 'angbe'bogh
A Klingon who kills without showing his face has no honor. TKW
'ang'eghQo' quv Hutlhbogh jagh neH ghobtaHvIS ghaH
Only an enemy without honor refuses to show himself in battle. TKW
yIntaHbogh qagh jablu'DI' reH nIvqu' qagh
Gagh is always best when served live. TKW
'avwI' nejDI' narghta'bogh qama' reH 'avwI' Sambej
When an escaped prisoner looks for a guard, he always finds one. TKW
romuluSngan Sambogh 'ej HoHbogh nejwI'
Romulan hunter-killer probe. KCD
Dajatlhbogh vIyajbe'
I find no match for what you have just said. KCD (?!)
tajwIj 'oHbe' chorlIj jeqbogh Dochvetlh'e'
That is not my dagger protruding from your midsection. FTG
Hom Hutlhbogh ghab
ghab that lacks bone. KGT
nuH DaneHbogh yIngu'!
Which weapon do you want? ("Identify the weapon that you want!") KGT
Hoch jaghpu'Daj HoHbogh SuvwI' yIvup
"Pity the warrior who slays all his foes." KGT
SuDbogh Dargh 'ej wovbogh
The tea that is {SuD} and light. KGT
boqrat chej Qevlu'pu'bogh
stewed bokrat liver ("bokrat liver that has been stewed") KGT
Soj vutlu'pu'bogh
food that someone has prepared. KGT
loS... qIb HeHDaq, 'u' SepmeyDaq Sovbe'lu'bogh lenglu'meH He ghoSlu'bogh
retlhDaq 'oHtaH
It waits... on the edge of the galaxy, beside a passage to unknown regions
of the universe. DSN99
yIntaHvIS qeylIS'e' lIjlaHbe'bogh vay' batlh 'etlhvam chenmoHlu'pu'
this sword of honor descends from the time of Kahless the Unforgettable. S8
nISwI' HIch motlh HoS Hal qengwI' naQ tIq je lurarlu'bogh 'oH tlhIngan
nISwI' beH'e'
The Klingon disruptor rifle is a standard hand held disruptor, attached
to an extended power supply stock. S14
wa'DIch tlhIngan Dujmey luleghlu'pu'bogh rur qItI'nga Duj tera' vatlh DISpoH
cha'maH wej HochHom lo'lu'taH
Similar in configuration to the first Klingon vessels encountered, the
K'Tinga-class remained in use for most of the 23rd century. S15
qorDu'Daj tuq 'oS Ha'quj'e' tuQbogh wo'rIv
The sash that Worf wears is a symbol of his family's house. S20
yIntaHbogh tlhIngan Soj tlhol jablu'DI' tIvqu'lu'
Klingon food is best when served fresh and live. S21
yejquv DevwI' moj ghawran 'e' wuqta' cho' 'oDwI' Dapu'bogh janluq pIqarD HoD.
Gowron... named leader of the High Council by Captain Jean-Luc Picard, who was
acting as Arbiter of Succession. S25
Heghpu'bogh tlhIngan mInDu' lupoSmoHlu'
The eyes of the fallen Klingon are opened... S31
Heghpu'bogh latlhpu' ghuHmoH bey. ghoS tlhIngan SuvwI' maq.
This yell... serves to warn the other dead that a Klingon warrior is coming. S31
puvtaHbogh Duj ngabmoHlaw' So'wI'
[cloaking device] allowing the ship to fly in a state of practical
invisibility. S33
ngongmeH wa' DujDaq nuHmey nISbe'bogh So'wI' jomlu'pu'
[A cloaking device which didn't disrupt weaponry was installed in one
experimental
ship. (untranslated on card)] S33
jar DamaSqu'bogh yIngu'
What/which is your favorite month?
("Identify the month that you very much prefer!") (MO on EF)
yoHbogh matlhbogh je SuvwI' Say'moHchu' may' 'Iw
The blood of battle washes clean the warrior brave and true. (Anthem)
See also the extended interview with MO in HQ 4.2 on {-bogh}. Okrand was
asked what the head-noun of a relative clause can be. He replied "I couldn't
make the {-bogh} thing work for me with anything other than subject or object."
Voragh